tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66037046279040427092024-03-05T03:46:40.169-08:00CHEMISTRY 911Our project :">RENZ & RAISAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02760568994810371569noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6603704627904042709.post-24955937926805486602011-01-06T07:27:00.000-08:002011-01-06T07:29:51.133-08:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">HEY YA'LL :)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We're done discussing about the Stoichiometry </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So, here's a little of everything .... </span><img src="http://www.dewa.com/animated/new/1bulb.gif" /><br />
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<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://misterguch.brinkster.net/pra_equationworksheets.html">http://misterguch.brinkster.net/pra_equationworksheets.html</a></span></li>
<li><a href="http://library.thinkquest.org/C006669/data/Chem/quizzes/stoichiometry.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://library.thinkquest.org/C006669/data/Chem/quizzes/stoichiometry.html</span></a></li>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ENJOY ANSWERING, GOODLUCK :)</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div>RENZ & RAISAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02760568994810371569noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6603704627904042709.post-4849299730683195742011-01-05T10:14:00.000-08:002011-01-06T07:13:55.583-08:00STOICHIOMETRY<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="chemistry" height="200" src="http://i23.photobucket.com/albums/b373/bohemianvixen/chemistry.gif" width="200" /></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">10.1 <b>Atomic Mass</b></span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You know the atoms of different elements have different masses. Thousands of experiments led to the organization of a scale of relative atomic masses. The scale is based on the mass of carbon-12. The mass of an atom relative to the mass of carbon-12 is the <b>Atomic Mass</b> of the Atom. The SI unit for atomic mass is <b>amu</b>.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On the scale, the atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.0079 amu, oxygen is 15.994 amu and sulfur is 32.06 amu. This means that the mass of oxygen atoms are about 16 times the mass of hydrogen atoms, while sulfur atoms are nearly 32 times as heavy as hydrogen atoms.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">10.2 <b>Formula Mass or Molecular Mass</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><b>Molecular Mass</b> - is used for compounds that are composed of molecules and covalent compounds like </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2 and sucrose or table sugar </sub></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">22</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">11. However, the term formula mass is usually used for both ionic and covalent compounds.</sub></span></span></b></span></li>
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<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Formula Mass</b> - is used for ionic compounds like NaCl or for compounds that ionize in aqueous solutions like <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>SO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub></span></span></li>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">- It is the sum of the atomic masses of each atom in a chemical formula. To calculate the formula mass of <span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: nowrap;">H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>SO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4 </sub></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px; white-space: nowrap;">refer to the periodic table for the atomic mass values of each of the elements that constitute </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px; white-space: nowrap;">the compund </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px; white-space: nowrap;">and the compute it as follows<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXiGhMC69n3vAV0t_iLDlyUw4togsN1_zIoto4VTJ1fNviMcW8YCZhMOFU8KHtF7mmcp5ulbcH3tGmeTQAOlqd9NKy_jftgqFqj-7IKmlYiDgZ0b0Rpkm48ejSsxkgqt38AhCsuSp-nuMR/s1600/chemeq.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="81" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXiGhMC69n3vAV0t_iLDlyUw4togsN1_zIoto4VTJ1fNviMcW8YCZhMOFU8KHtF7mmcp5ulbcH3tGmeTQAOlqd9NKy_jftgqFqj-7IKmlYiDgZ0b0Rpkm48ejSsxkgqt38AhCsuSp-nuMR/s400/chemeq.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">You can watch this for further explanation :)</span></td></tr>
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<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/zwrS9jDaH6g?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px; white-space: nowrap;"><br />
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">10. 3 <b>The Mole</b></span></span></div></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">In chemistry, particles are counted by the <b>Mole</b> (mol), a unit that contains 6.02 x </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">10<sup>23 species. </sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This very large number is called Avogadro's number, after Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856), an Italian physicist who contributed to the development of the concept of the atomic nucleus.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup>Avogadro's Number</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup>602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = </sup></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">6.02 x </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">10<sup>23</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></sup></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">This is used to indicate very small species that make up matter like atoms, ions, or molecules. It is also the number of atoms in 12 grams of </span><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;"> 12</span></sup><sub><span style="line-height: 115%;">6</span></sub><span style="line-height: 115%;">C</span><span style="line-height: 18px;">. One mole of any element always has Avogadro's Number of atoms. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;">You should watch the video clearly because it shows how to calculate for the mole.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;">This video is very useful. So i recommend you to watch and understand it :)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ik4zE8lXWs8?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">10. 4 <b>Molar Mass</b></span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">It is not possible to weigh a single atom or molecule. Even the most accurate balance available cannot weigh very small masses. In the laboratory, you will use a balance that measures in grams. When you weigh one mole of a substance, you would weigh its mass in grams which is numerically equal to its mass in atomic mass unit. The mass in grams of one mole of a substance is called its <b>Molar Mass. </b></span></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br />
<div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">Example</span></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">What is the molar mass of one mole of ascorbic acid?</span></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">Solution</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7k5bt4L_Qvv7J5sCG3-4UvCBMOwludoEwVBDrT0itF6MP2fVCyLIGzNmTxZlTaFRF5MvRPX39Z4etlKyIsLkkX0nutRPybRaSOzrdDOLezBeNaKEVJ4_wJRm5cGQX7lgFyHLMG6dIvz02/s1600/chem2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="97" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7k5bt4L_Qvv7J5sCG3-4UvCBMOwludoEwVBDrT0itF6MP2fVCyLIGzNmTxZlTaFRF5MvRPX39Z4etlKyIsLkkX0nutRPybRaSOzrdDOLezBeNaKEVJ4_wJRm5cGQX7lgFyHLMG6dIvz02/s400/chem2.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">For more convient tutorial, watch this video :)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/F9NkYSKJifs?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"></span></sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">10. 5 Percentage Composition</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">In the laboratory, you perform experiments that will require you to prepare solutions or to verify the purity of some substances. If you are asked to prepare 10% salt solution, you dissolve 10g of salt in 90g of water to make a 100g salt solution. Thus you need to know how to calculate the percent compositions of compounds.</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">The percent by mass of an element in a compound is obtained by using the equation</span></span></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"> </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7OYxkUtizss6jMrdgazFG4iUHQytjynp7iE9VVAvvRfu0eS4VHOYC1sSWEYNwMLG-W0qqYsZ1aELJDric4CGWDW66x4Th1uqTg2cu-Yokrv6G6-lyob_Sh4arF5EIhFhcJFbYVQy9woHv/s1600/chem3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7OYxkUtizss6jMrdgazFG4iUHQytjynp7iE9VVAvvRfu0eS4VHOYC1sSWEYNwMLG-W0qqYsZ1aELJDric4CGWDW66x4Th1uqTg2cu-Yokrv6G6-lyob_Sh4arF5EIhFhcJFbYVQy9woHv/s1600/chem3.jpg" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">Example</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">5.00 g of Calcium reacts completely with 10.0 g of Sulfur. What is the percent composition of the calcium sulfide produced?</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup>Solution</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEK75J7xEzwXEmtYmp66qEkWQdi35XkVnaGUYiTXQJVUs4bmLYDGpNnA42762MH-uVGN4ceb9vJAntQkP3NVSICBhZrEMjCq38qfp2YKGUBkE7vtc6dF45qS4BaK0g7YO2rJ9TLcWJFkWN/s1600/chem4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEK75J7xEzwXEmtYmp66qEkWQdi35XkVnaGUYiTXQJVUs4bmLYDGpNnA42762MH-uVGN4ceb9vJAntQkP3NVSICBhZrEMjCq38qfp2YKGUBkE7vtc6dF45qS4BaK0g7YO2rJ9TLcWJFkWN/s1600/chem4.jpg" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup>A total of 100%</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">The mass of CaS is obtained by adding the masses of the components.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">Watch this video for easier explanation :)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/xbEeyT8nK84?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><sup><br />
</sup></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;">10. 6 <b>Empirical and Molecular Formulas</b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; white-space: normal;">Empirical or simplest formula gives the smallest whole-number ratio of the elements in a formula. Using the mole, and empirical formula is the lowest whole-number ratio of moles of atoms of the elements in the compound. An empirical formula may or may not be the same as a molecular formula. For example, the simplest empirical formula and molecular formula for water are both </span>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">. However, for hydrogen peroxide they are HO and </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2 <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">respectively</span>.</sub></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></sub></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">When the molecular formula is different from the empirical formula, it is some whole number multiple of the empirical formula. Consider formaldehyde and glucose. They have the same empirical formula, C</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">H</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">O.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"> The molecular mass of the formaldehyde and glucose are 30 g/mol and 180 g/mol,</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> respectively. Thus, the empirical formula is also the molecular formula of formaldehyde, </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">while the molecular formula of glucose is 6 (</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">C</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">H</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">O</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">). </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">The mutiple 6 is obtained by dividing the</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">molecular mass of glucose (180 g/mol) by the given empirical mass (30 g/mol)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7muupZA-S4AKI1HihsmvFghqCifnEOhhFT0cWZn_AC7x0bSPRAfL5A-5k-d19pG0IvTMCXM79trtdIjTfq9kZWmtqZI805mFxzgWanLEty6pNrDpK18QW_As7Z4foMCdvOeoKStEPz90Q/s1600/chem5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7muupZA-S4AKI1HihsmvFghqCifnEOhhFT0cWZn_AC7x0bSPRAfL5A-5k-d19pG0IvTMCXM79trtdIjTfq9kZWmtqZI805mFxzgWanLEty6pNrDpK18QW_As7Z4foMCdvOeoKStEPz90Q/s1600/chem5.jpg" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"> Therefore, the molecular formula of glucose is </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Example </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 27.27% carbon </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and 72.72% oxygen?</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Solution</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. Convert the percent composition in terms of mass and express the mass of each element </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">into moles.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdT9XJIz2mpT8TH1EmwgmIdaRln7FMIvs6d54XBieKnhTyianZ4o150owNGU9bLgrrAYli8udRQGx45e_6C_o4ZA3Ml9do8HoUSXwKKTM9D4qQUq4c2clCX6h2TFkjB7Co-WZews3jftau/s1600/chem6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdT9XJIz2mpT8TH1EmwgmIdaRln7FMIvs6d54XBieKnhTyianZ4o150owNGU9bLgrrAYli8udRQGx45e_6C_o4ZA3Ml9do8HoUSXwKKTM9D4qQUq4c2clCX6h2TFkjB7Co-WZews3jftau/s1600/chem6.jpg" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">b. Determine the smallest whole number ratio for carbon and oxygen by dividing by the</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;">least number obtained.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0nQVibnjMQCPxVWbztcpZOe9UkIpi2AmmoDtWQZ2YtaGy82UWHcqa3UgkZEWwUjqYB7U2LC8Atfam8aEWLz-PqHDdxrdURzsnYA6T7H5fGjWVIQe-Gfa7_hbBKikeYCVTPkJvqHUkjsJX/s1600/chem7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0nQVibnjMQCPxVWbztcpZOe9UkIpi2AmmoDtWQZ2YtaGy82UWHcqa3UgkZEWwUjqYB7U2LC8Atfam8aEWLz-PqHDdxrdURzsnYA6T7H5fGjWVIQe-Gfa7_hbBKikeYCVTPkJvqHUkjsJX/s1600/chem7.jpg" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c. The ratios obtained in the calculation are the subscripts of the elements in the formula</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">to represent their mole ratio.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The empirical formula of the compound is </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub></span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><br />
</sub></span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">Here is another example. Kindly watch the video :)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><br />
</sub></span></span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://0.gvt0.com/vi/_V1WCel5MeA/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/_V1WCel5MeA&fs=1&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/_V1WCel5MeA&fs=1&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><sub style="line-height: 1em;"><br />
</sub></span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">10. 7 <b>Stoichiometry</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><b> </b>The focus is on the stoichiometry of individual compounds (ratios of atoms in chemical formulas) In this section, the same ideas are extended to chemical reactions. Moles, grams, and number of atoms and molecules are used to specify the amount of substances used in chemical reactions.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"> </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"> In a balanced chemical equation, if the amount of one reactant or product is given, stoichiometry indicates the amount of every other reactant and product. This is so because a balanced equation summarizes the quantitative relationships among the amounts of reactants and products.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><b>Reaction Stoichiometry</b> - is the study of the quantitative relationships among reactants and products in a chemical reaction.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">Here is one example. Try watching it :)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://3.gvt0.com/vi/tr_mJnrTp2s/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/tr_mJnrTp2s&fs=1&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/tr_mJnrTp2s&fs=1&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
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</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">10. 8 <b>Limiting Reagent</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><b> </b>In the previous problems, the reactants supplied are in the exact ratio described by the balanced equation. They are said to be in stoichiometric amounts. But in actual applications, this is hardly the case. Most often, reactants available are in other proportions. In a situation where a reactant exceeds that of the required amount, the reactant is called the <b>excess reagent </b>and the reactant that is completely used up is called the<b> limiting reagent.</b> </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;">View this video for further explanation on how to solve :)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><br />
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</span></span></div></div>RENZ & RAISAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02760568994810371569noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6603704627904042709.post-36285794681545587462011-01-05T07:29:00.000-08:002011-01-05T07:29:47.294-08:00On going<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Our blogspot is currently uh ....</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.dewa.com/animated/LosAngeles/ani-under.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.dewa.com/animated/LosAngeles/ani-under.gif" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.dewa.com/animated/50.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.dewa.com/animated/50.gif" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So kindly bear with it.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More lessons .... Coming Soon :)</span></div>RENZ & RAISAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02760568994810371569noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6603704627904042709.post-79181324458193237552011-01-05T07:04:00.000-08:002011-01-05T07:04:50.896-08:00What is Chemistry?<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.dewa.com/animated/new/1digit~1.gif" /></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Before we start our further lessons about Chemistry. </div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">Lets us first discuss ... What is Chemistry?</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><img alt="Chemistry" height="136" src="http://i157.photobucket.com/albums/t63/critikalpain/Chemistry.png" width="320" /></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b>CHEMISTRY</b></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><b style="font-size: xx-large;"> </b>It is the study of matter - all things that occupy space and have mass. Some of these you can see, some you cannot; some are found in nature, some are man-made or synthetic; some are edible, others are poisonous. In chemistry we study the composition, properties and structure of matter. We also study the changes that matter undergoes and the energy involved in these changes.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><b></b> Also, some of the properties of matter can be perceived by our senses but others may require special instruments to observe and measure. The study of the structure of matter is concerned with the building blocks of matter, the atoms and molecules.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b>OBJECTIVES:</b></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"></div><ul style="font-weight: normal;"><li>Explain why a knowledge of chemistry is central to many human activities</li>
<li>Cite the relevance of chemistry in a variety of careers or occupations</li>
<li>Discuss recent technological applications of chemistry</li>
<li>Name some Filipino heroes in Chemistry</li>
<li>Identify the SI units of measurement and convert from one unit to another</li>
<li>Calculate the corresponding temperature in <span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">°F or K given the temperature in </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">°C and vice versa</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">Differentiate precision from accuracy</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">Determine the number of significant figures in given measurements</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">Express measurements in scientific notations</span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">Use conversion factors in solving problem.</span></li>
</ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;"><b>Examples of Filipino Heroes in Chemistry</b></span><br />
<div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXDKp-csRsu-8UowjqNme4lWAi9KSEuKdnYcjq2oDlj7HnQRi06SFLajaLE_VUoDLZO6P436lT-KxoDeoWqXI76FiAaABj32v0JIH0c-9WCsr_DLOT2_QneoEiOzVKtpVtG8gJIQMb4vtp/s1600/BANZON.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f4f0db; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(134, 133, 133); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; position: relative; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXDKp-csRsu-8UowjqNme4lWAi9KSEuKdnYcjq2oDlj7HnQRi06SFLajaLE_VUoDLZO6P436lT-KxoDeoWqXI76FiAaABj32v0JIH0c-9WCsr_DLOT2_QneoEiOzVKtpVtG8gJIQMb4vtp/s200/BANZON.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><b>JULIAN A. BANZON</b></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">Dr. Julian A. Banzon is the grand man of chemistry in the Philippines. His research on fuels using coconut as a renewable source of chemicals and fuels was a breakthrough because our usual source of energy is crude oil. He used coconut as a source of liquid fuel and showed that coconut diesel can be a substitute for diesel oil. He studied the use of gasonol, gastaria, pure kerosene, and mixture of pure kerosene and crude oil as fuels. </span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><img height="200" src="http://www.upm.edu.ph/cp/Santos.jpg" width="148" /></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><b>ALFREDO C. SANTOS</b></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">Dr. Alfredo C. Santos is the father of natural products research. He extracted alkaloids from Philippine plants. Alkaloids are bitter components found in the roots, leaves, fruits, seeds and barks of plants. They are usually poisonous but some of them have been found to be therapeutic.</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><b>Measurements</b></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;">THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><img src="http://boomeria.org/chemtextbook/table2-1.jpg" /></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><b>Scientific Notation</b></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 19px;"> Many numbers used in chemistry are either very large or very small that the number of zeros becomes difficult to handle. For accuracy and convenience, these numbers are written in scientific notation. A number in scientific notation has two parts. The first part is a number between 1 and 10 (<i>N</i>). The second part is a power of </span>10<sup>y<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> as shown below</span></sup></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></sup></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"> <i>N</i> x 10<sup>y</sup></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><sup><br />
</sup></div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">The exponent y can be a positive or a negative integer.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"> To write numbers in scientific notation, move the decimal point such that you have a number between 1 and 10. Determine the correct exponent by counting the number of times the decimal point is moved. When the decimal point is moved to the right, the exponent is written as a negative number. When the decimal point is moved to the left, the exponent is written as a positive number.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Example:</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">1.) 0.00567 ----- 5.67 x 10</span><sup style="font-weight: normal;"> -3</sup><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">2.) 456000 ----- 4.56 x 10</span><sup style="font-weight: normal;"> 5\</sup><br />
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<div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">Okay. So this is just the Introduction of what Chemistry is all about.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">Stay tuned to our lessons here. You'll learn a lot. Trust me :)</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;">P.S.</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">Did you know according to some teenage kids ...</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">Chemistry is ... :)</div><div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;"><img alt="Chemistry" height="200" src="http://i17.photobucket.com/albums/b100/Cytheria_Manfalaswen/Icons/School/Chemistry.gif" width="200" /></div></div></span></b></span></div>RENZ & RAISAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02760568994810371569noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6603704627904042709.post-49886709591120920272010-12-01T06:44:00.000-08:002010-12-01T06:44:31.812-08:00Boo.<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">TESTING 12345</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">CHEMISTRY ASDFGHJKL</span></div>RENZ & RAISAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02760568994810371569noreply@blogger.com0